Our results indicated that in autumn and winter, outdoor solar radiation had the greatest influence on thermal sensation, followed by air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. To obtain data for examining the relationship between the meteorological parameters and outdoor thermal sensation, this study conducted thermal comfort tests on 30 subjects on the campus of Tianjin University. The results that we reviewed can be used by designers and planners seeking to create thermally comfortable urban open spaces.read more read lessĪbstract: With the increase of urban population, it is vital to create thermally comfortable outdoor open spaces. Vegetation, cool surface, and water bodies provided less cooling in compact urban spaces than in open areas. The mitigation strategies improved the urban thermal environment to a greater extent in hotter and drier climates. However, some simulation studies found that reflective surface led to higher PET in summer because of the increased amount of reflected solar radiation. The use of vegetation and water bodies reduced the median PET by 13.0 K and 4.6 K, respectively. In terms of integrated effect on thermal comfort, changing the urban geometry provided the greatest improvement, with the largest reduction in physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) in summer (median ΔPET = 18.0 K). Our review found that on summer days these four strategies yielded a median reduction in air temperature of 2.1 K, 2.0 K, 1.9 K, and 1.8 K, respectively. This paper reviews the mechanisms and cooling effects of four major mitigation strategies, namely, changing the urban geometry, planting vegetation, using cool surface, and incorporating bodies of water. A growing number of studies have been conducted on strategies for improving the urban thermal environment and attracting more people to outdoor spaces. Abstract: Urban open space provides various benefits to citizens, but the thermal environment of this space is impacted by global warming and urban heat islands.

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